In the autumn of 1937, Breton began "during dinner-meetings with a limited number of participants after or before the usual meetings" to exchange opinions and suggestions on the proposed Exposition Internationale du Surréalisme, as well as to prepare the catalogue. The subsequent turmoil created the typical group euphoria which generated the emotional satisfaction that Breton was a matter of the heart.ĭrawing of the object Nuage articulé, created by Wolfgang Paalen in 1937 The poet broke the umbrella over his knee, which the friends Desnos, Prévert, Tanguy, Péret and Duhamel imitated, to do the same with other passers-by. The umbrella was always a strong metaphor in the imagery of surrealism: After a rainy day in the year 1930, he ran as congenial symbol of masculine-surrealist fury for many years – in front of a cinema André Breton had torn an umbrella from the hand of a smaller passer-by, because he had nearly hit the great Breton in his eyes. In 1937 the French editor Gallimard prepared the publication of the collected works of Lautréamont in an illustrated luxury edition, and André Breton invited besides other artists also Paalen to contribute with an illustration Breton selected (from two proposals) the drawing Vieil océan (old Ocean), which was published in the Gallimard edition next to the appropriate text. In his poem Les Chants de Maldoror he describes the beauty of the young man Mervyn using antipodal metaphors: "He is as beautiful (.) as the chance encounter of a sewing machine and an umbrella on a dissecting table". The original definition of the surrealist object art comes from the French poet Comte de Lautréamont. The object consists of a standard black umbrella covered with flat-cut, dry natural sponges which are glued onto the fabric surfaces, the clamp and handle of the umbrella. Many photographers have captured the item in its context, Man Ray, Kurt Husnik, Josef Breitenbach and Denise Bellon. It was also exhibited in numerous later exhibitions, such as Amsterdam (1938), Cambridge (1938) and Mexico City (1940).
The object consists of an umbrella covered with natural sponges and was one of the most significant objects at the Exposition Internationale du Surréalisme, which was held in Paris at the Wildenstein Gallery in 1938. Nuage articulé (Articulated cloud) is a surrealist object in the form of an assemblage by Wolfgang Paalen produced in 1937. The first version was executed in 1937 for the International Surrealist Exhibition in Paris, 1938) The second version of Nuage articulé, executed in Mexico 1939 for the International Surrealist Exhibition in Mexico-City at the Galería de Arte Mexicano (opening January 1940).
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